Preparation Of Oxalate Complexes Of Iron Biology Essay

Preparation Of Oxalate Complexes Of Iron Biology Essay To prepare two oxalate complexes of iron namely, Potassium Trioxalatoferrate Trihydrate and Iron Oxalate and to analyse the products for iron and oxalate respectively. One of the properties known to be characterised by transition metals such as iron is complex ion formation since they are able to form stable complexes. In this experiment, two complex of iron are being formed with the oxalate ion being the common ligand in both. Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate and Iron (II) Oxalate are the two complexes being formed and are represented by the following chemical structures: Figure 1: Chemical structures of Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate and Iron (II) Oxalate respectively. The oxalate ion, apart from acting as a Lewis base can be referred to as a bidentate ligand since an oxalate ion can donates two pairs of electrons (one from each oxygen) to the iron (III) or Iron (II) cation acting as a Lewis acid from two oxygen atoms as can be seen in figure 1 above. Iron can form a variety of complexes with most of them having an octahedral geometry. In this experiment, the Iron (II) oxalate formed is characterised by an Fe2+ as the central metal cation. This is then oxidised to Fe3+ in order to synthesise the Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate complex characterised by an Fe3+ as the central metal cation. Certain complexes such as the Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate complex are unstable to light and therefore they are said to be photosensitive. For this reason, it is a must to store such a complexes under dark conditions in order to prevent the reduction of the Fe3+ ion back to the Fe2+ ion. The amount of oxalate within a complex can be determined using titrimetric analysis. Potassium permanganate is titrated with the oxalate ion and the amount of oxalate can be determined through this redox titration. No indicator is necessary in such a titration due to the fact that the endpoint is characterised by a faint pink colour resulting from the fact that at the end point, excess un reacted permanganate ions are present in the solution since all the oxalate ions would have been consumed. The amount of iron in a complex on the other hand can be analysed following the addition of zinc to the complex solution followed by heating. Once this is carried out, the resulting solutions can be treated with potassium permanganate in a redox titration as described previously above and hence, the amount of iron in a complex can be determined. In this experiment, heating is involved in the redox titrations due to the fact that since the reaction is rather slow at room temperature, in order for one to observe a quick colour change at the end point, the solution needs to be heated to around 60oC. Method Chemicals used Ferrous ammonium sulphate Hydrogen peroxide Sulfuric acid Ethanol Oxalic acid Zinc Ferrous oxalate Potassium permanganate Potassium oxalate Apparatus used Buchner funnel Heating mantle Burette Weighing boat Thermometer Filter paper Magnetic stirrer Glass wool Analytical balance Measuring cylinder Procedure Part a Preparation of Iron (II) oxalate 15g of ferrous ammonium sulphate were dissolved in 50mL warm water which had been acidified with 1mL 2M sulfuric acid. To this, a solution of 10% 75mL oxalic acid was added with rapid stirring. The mixture was gently heated until its boiling point was reached and the yellow precipitate of ferrous oxalate formed was allowed to settle. The precipitate was removed by filtration on a Buchner funnel and washed thourally with hot water followed by acetone. The product was allowed to dry on a funnel under suction and was then weighed. Part B Preparation of Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate. 3.25g of ferrous oxalate was suspended in a warm solution of (5g in 15mL water) potassium oxalate. To this, 15mL 20 vol. Hydrogen peroxide was added from a burette whilst the solution was stirred continuously and the temperature was maintained at 40oC. The solution contained a precipitate of ferric hydroxide and this was removed by heating the solution to its boiling point and adding 10mL 10% oxalic acid. Further small amounts of oxalic acid was added drop wise until the precipitate just dissolved. The hot solution was filtered and 15mL ethanol was added to the filtrate in order to re dissolve any crystals that formed by gentle heating. The solution was placed in a dark cupboard to crystallize since the product formed was photosensitive. The crystals were collected by filtration on a Buchner funnel and later washed with an equivolume mixture of ethanol and water followed by acetone. The crystals were then dried and weighed. Part C The analysis of the products for Iron and Oxalate For Iron (II) oxalate: 0.3g of oxalate were dissolved in 25mL 2M sulfuric acid and the solution was heated to 60oC and titrated with 0.2M standard potassium permanganate solution until the first permanganate pink colour was observed. 2g of zinc dust was added and the solution was boiled for 25 minutes. The solution was filtered through glass wool and the residual zinc was washed with 2M sulfuric acid. The washings were added to the filtrate and the solution was titrated with standard potassium permanganate. The percentages of iron, oxalate and water of recrystalisation in the product were determined and hence, the empirical formula could be derived. For Potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate: 0.2g of Potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate were dissolved in 25mL 2M sulfuric acid and titrated with 0.02M permanganate. The solution was treated with zinc dust and re-titrated with permanganate as described in the analysis of Iron (II) oxalate above. The percentages of iron and oxalate in the complex were determined and this was compared to the theoretical value. Precautions: It was made sure that in the preparation of Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate, ethanol was added to the filtrate in order to re dissolve any crystals that formed by gentle heating. It was made sure that in the preparation of Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate, the solution was placed in a dark cupboard to crystallize since the product formed was photosensitive. It was made sure that for the preparation of Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate, the temperature was maintained at 40oC to prevent hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Observations: Ferrous (II) oxalate had a yellow precipitate and at the end a yellow powder was obtained. The endpoint of the redox titrimetric titration was marked by a faint pink colouration. Ferric hydroxide had a brown precipitate which turned into a green solution upon excess oxalic acid was added. Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate formed was in the form of green crystals. 3. Results and Calculations Results: Part A: Ferrous ammonium sulphate weighed 15.042g 10% oxalic acid measured 75mL Mass of ferrous (II) oxalate obtained 5.586g Part B: Ferrous (II) oxalate used 3.269g Potassium oxalate used 5.008g Mass of Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate obtained 2.205g Part C: Ferrous (II) oxalate used 0.320g Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate used 0.200g Zinc used 2g Volume of permanganate required in the redox titration between iron (II) oxalate and permanganate 49.5mL Volume of permanganate required in the redox titration between iron (II) oxalate and permanganate in the presence of zinc 15.50mL Volume of permanganate required in the redox titration between Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate and permanganate 24.50mL Volume of permanganate required in the redox titration between Potassium Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate and permanganate in the presence of zinc 4.00mL Calculations: Analysis of products for Iron Oxalate for Iron(II) oxalate The equations taking place in the reaction are: 2MnO4- (aq) + 5C2O42- (aq) + 16H+ (aq) Æ’Â   2Mn2+ (aq) + 10CO2 (g) + 8H2O (l) 5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ Æ’Â   5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + H2O Moles permanganate reacting with oxalate and iron = Concentration of permanganate x Volume of permanganate required: Moles permanganate = 0.02 x (49.50 / 1000) Moles permanganate = 0.00099 moles Moles permanganate reacting with iron (II) = Concentration of permanganate x Volume of permanganate required: Moles permanganate = 0.02 x (15.5 / 1000) Moles permanganate = 0.00031 moles Therefore, moles of permanganate reacting with the oxalate ions = Total number of moles Number of moles of permanganate reacting with iron. 0.00099 0.00031 = 0.00068 moles From the stoichiometry of the equation it is observed that 2 moles of permanganate react with 5 moles of oxalate, thus: Moles of oxalate = 5/2 (0.00068) = 0.0017 moles Grams of oxalate = number of moles x mass of oxalate Grams of oxalate = 0.0017 x 88 Grams of oxalate = 0.150 grams Therefore % oxalate in the product: (0.150 / 0.320) x 100 = 46.9 % From the stoichiometry of the equation it is observed that 1 mole of permanganate react with 5 moles of Iron, thus: Moles of oxalate = 5 (0.00031) = 0.00155 moles Grams of Iron (II) = number of moles x mass of oxalate Grams of Iron (II) = 0.00155 x 56 Grams of Iron (II) = 0.087 grams Therefore % Iron in the product: (0.087 / 0.320) x 100 = 27.19% The mass of water = Total mass of complex (Mass of oxalate + iron (ii)) Mass of water = 0.320 (0.150 + 0.087) = 0.083g Therefore moles = grams / RMM Moles water = 0.083 / 18 Moles water = 0.0046 moles Therefore % water in product: (0.083 / 0.320) x 100 = 25.9% To calculate the empirical formula: Iron Oxalate Water 0.00155 : 0.0017 : 0.0046 0.00155 : 0.00155 : 0.00155 1 : 1 : 3 Thus empirical formula is FeC2O4.3H2O Analysis of products for Iron Oxalate for Potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate. The equation taking place in the reaction are: 2MnO4- (aq) + 5C2O42- (aq) + 16H+ (aq) Æ’Â   2Mn2+ (aq) + 10CO2 (g) + 8H2O (l) 5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ Æ’Â   5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + H2O Moles permanganate reacting with oxalate = Concentration of permanganate x Volume of permanganate required: Moles permanganate = 0.02 x (24.5 / 1000) Moles permanganate = 0.00049 moles From the stoichiometry of the equation it is observed that 2 moles of permanganate react with 5 moles of oxalate, thus: Moles of oxalate = 5/2 (0.00049) = 0.00123 moles Grams of oxalate = number of moles x mass of oxalate Grams of oxalate = 0.00123 x 88 Grams of oxalate = 0.108 grams Therefore % oxalate in the product: (0.108 / 0.200) x 100 = 54 % Moles permanganate reacting with iron (III) = Concentration of permanganate x Volume of permanganate required: Moles permanganate = 0.02 x (4.00 / 1000) Moles permanganate = 810-5 moles From the stoichiometry of the equation it is observed that 1 mole of permanganate react with 5 moles of Iron, thus: Moles of oxalate = 5 (810-5) = 0.0004 moles Grams of Iron = number of moles x mass of oxalate Grams of Iron = 0.0004 x 56 Grams of Iron = 0.0224 grams Therefore % Iron in the product: (0.0224 / 0.200) x 100 = 11.20% Discussion: In the first part of the experiment, ferrous ammonium sulphate, also known as Mohrs Salt was treated with warm water and sulphuric acid in order to prevent the formation of rust coloured iron hydroxides and oxides. This was followed by oxalic acid. The oxalate ions replace some or all of the sulphate ligands surrounding the Fe2+ ion and as a result, a yellow precipitate of ferrous oxalate forms. The reaction taking place is as follows: H2C2O4 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) + 2H2O (l) Æ’Â   3H2O+ (aq) + FeC2O4 (s) In order to oxidise the Fe2+ ion into an Fe3+ ion in ferrous oxalate, hydrogen peroxide, acting as an oxidising agent is added to a solution of ferrous oxalate and potassium oxalate. Temperature control is very crucial in this step due to the fact at high temperatures, hydrogen peroxide can decompose and thus would not be able to oxidise the iron (II) to iron (III) required to prepare the Potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate complex. It is important to make sure that all the iron (ii) has been oxidised to iron (iii) due to the fact that since each complex consists of a different number of oxalate ligands, if a mixture of the two complex ions is present, the empirical formula determination would become difficult. The reaction taking place is as follows: 2FeC2O4 (s) + C2O42- (aq) + H2O2 (aq) + 2H3O+ (aq) Æ’Â   4H2O (l) + Fe2(C2O4 )3 (s) When the Fe2(C2O4 )3 precipitate was dissolved, [Fe(C2O4)3]3- forms. This reacts with the potassium ions in solution introduced via the potassium oxalate and forms potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) which is photosensitive and thus must be stored in the dark. In the analysis of the oxalate ion, no indicator is required in the redox titration between permanganate and the oxalate ions due to the fact that at the end point, since potassium permanganate is an oxidising agent, it oxidises the oxalate ions in solution into carbon dioxide and as a result, permanganate is itself reduced to Mn2+ therefore a faint pink colour is observed at the endpoint. The reactions taking place are as follows: 2MnO4- (aq) + 5C2O42- (aq) + 16H+ (aq) Æ’Â   2Mn2+ (aq) + 10CO2 (g) + 8H2O (l) In order to analyse the iron content in the complexes formed, zinc is added followed by heating the solution. Once this was complete, the solution was treated with permanganate in a redox titration similar to the one described previously above. The reaction taking place is as follows: 5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ Æ’Â   5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + H2O Conclusion: This experiment has shown that iron being a transition metal can exist as various oxidation states. These oxidation states can then form a variety of complexes with various ligands. The complexes that are formed can then be analysed using a redox titration in order to determine the percentages of iron and oxalate in the complex. In this experiment, the empirical formula of Iron (II) oxalate was found to be FeC2O4.3H2O and consisted of 46.9 % oxalate, 27.19% Iron (II) and 25.9% water where as the Trioxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate consisted of 54% oxalate and 11.20% iron (III)

Farewell Speech Essay

We have waited for this moment all our lives, the moment when we leave our childhood behind and step into the world to forge our own paths in life. We have counted down the years, the months, the hours, minutes and seconds, and finally, and I’m very near that moment, very close to graduating High School. I find myself not a little sad, for I will be leaving behind people that shaped my life to what I am today. I will miss walking into this class room, every single day, working with my fellow classmates, making last minute speeches, playing fun imprave games with my fellow schoolmates. Most of all, I will miss the very heart of my experience as a student; my friends and my teachers. Even though my teachers aren’t all here I’d still like to thank every single Clements faculty member for all that you have taught us. Not only lessons for schoolwork but beyond the four walls of a classroom. Thank you, all my classmates, for this semester – for all the fun, the laughter and the valuable lessons we learned. Although we may be separated by time and distance, nothing will diminish the important role that each and everyone of you has done for me†¦ From the Taxi taxi dance to the interesting facts about rastafaranism to†¦ I wish you happy adventures, fantastic new friendships, amazing experiences and the journey of a lifetime and for those underclass men who are still going to Clements next year, I want you guys to know that High School only comes once in your lifetime, so why not make the most of it? Especially when we all have such a great opportunity to attend a school like this. No matter how much we may complain about attending Clements High, very few others get this opportunity.

Analysis Of The Financial Report Prepared By The County Of...

The paper is an analysis of the financial report prepared by the County of Santa Barbara. The financial report contains all the details containing its financial activities for the year ended June 30 2015. The financial report has been prepared in accordance with the laws as established by the state of California which require counties to submit a financial report for each financial year. The current condition of the economy is further discussed using some tools that give additional details about the financial report. In the accounts are some of fiscal issues that may arise. However, for the sake of this essay, only three issues have been picked for further evaluation. The issues picked for evaluation are of concern to the public and governments at both national and regional levels. Santa Barbara County has witnessed economic growth in the last five years in sectors such as real estate and tourism. Per the financial report, the future looks bright of the county and its residen ts. The federal government is an interested party in the development agenda of the counties and the role it plays in these activities of the regions is also evaluated. 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Self Esteem And Body Image Problems - 1491 Words

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7 Year War Free Essays

The war consisting of three names, known to the Europeans as â€Å"the 7 year war,† the Canadians as â€Å"The conquest,† and to the English Americans as â€Å"The French and Indian War. † The French and Indian War started in 1756 and lasted roughly 7 years. It all started at â€Å"The Forks of Ohio. We will write a custom essay sample on 7 Year War or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Both Great Britain and France hoped to get there first and take control of the land for themselves. The river was a natural highway for trade and both sides had their own plans for the land. France formed alliances with the Native Americans who lived around their forts and would most often live and work along side of the natives taking in their way of life The river would be a way for them to travel faster for trade amongst other colonies, they built most of their trading posts along the rivers. The French traded amongst the Native Americans for valuable animal fur, which later they would send to Europe to be sold. Another reason the French became a great threat to Great Britain, they had and controlled more land. By 1700 the French land stretched from Canada, across the Great Lakes, down to the Mississippi River and to New Orleans. This and the wanting The â€Å"Forks of Ohio† themselves will be the cause of the war we know today as the â€Å"French and Indian War. † The British, busy building their colonies along the coast of the Atlantic. These settlers were brought to America with the desire to become rich or to practice their own religious beliefs freely. Most of their living being made farming or trading. The British outnumbered the French due to the fact that they built more small villages and towns, bringing more British over in their conquest for riches. The vast number of British caused for them to move around in search for more land, moving them west, most often causing conflict with the Native Americans trying to protect their land. Between the years 1689 and 1748 a series of three wars were fought amongst them both all for control of North America, in which neither side fully won. On Great Britain’s side, a young twenty-one commander in chief was the start to the notorious war, firing the first shots starting the first true war, â€Å"George Washington. † The two armies collided near The Forks of Ohio in 1754 causing Britain’s victory over the French for a short period of time. Once French soldiers surrounding the area caught word of the attack they band together and went in search of George Washington and his men. The French soon arrived to find George and his men hiding in a stockade they had built to fend of the French soldiers, the stockade soon developed the name â€Å"Fort Nessecity. † Washington and his men soon out numbered caused the British to surrender and to their surprise was able to return home. When this war began the French teamed with the Canadian colonists and their native alliances they traded amongst for years. The French proved loyal to the Natives over the period of time they conducted business together. This help make up for the vast outnumbering Britain had over the French. Britain teamed with the American colonies and 4 of the 6 Iroquois Nations, who were not to fond of the French to begin with, due to the taking over their land and changing their way of life by driving out their game they used for hunting and destroying their crops. 1755, General Braddock, appointed general at the time led yet another attack at â€Å"Fort Duquesne,† the new name of the French fort at the â€Å"Fork of the Ohio. Alongside the General came George Washington, now Junior leader of the British army. It was this battle that General Braddock became injured and later died. The battle lasted only about three hours and ended with the British once again retreating. This battle soon came to become â€Å" The Battle of the Wilderness. † The British strategy of attack was no match for the defense of the French. The French and Natives would hide amongst the trees and the wilderness leaving the Br itish shooting in the dark and wide open targets. 756, this year became the start of what seemed to be a huge loss amongst the British. â€Å"Fort Oswego† in New York was captured by the French. 1757 â€Å"Fort William Henry,† soon became French territory. Attack after attack by the French caught the British army off guard as the French and Natives pulled land after land from underneath the British. This battle caused different countries all over the world to take sides. By 1756 war was not just in North America anymore but consisted of most of the countries throughout the world. In 1757, William Pitt took over the position of leadership for Great Britain. In 1758, Pitt ordered an attack at â€Å"Fort Louisburg† a French fortress off the coast of Canada. They thought that if they could get control of the key then they would have access to the rivers running through, making for battle by water a lot easier of a solution for them. The British brought with the double the men than what existed at the fortress at the time, outnumbering the French, this led to the surrender by the French and gave the British two heads up on the battle. The war started to take a turn for the best for Great Britain. Soon the British had control of â€Å" Fort Frontenac† on Lake Ontario in the year 1758. This loss for the French really made a dent in the British victory, making it harder for the French trade. The fall of 1758, the French abandoned â€Å"Fort Duquesne† causing the British to take control of the Forks of Ohio. The name â€Å"Pittsburgh† soon became the new fort name, after William Pitt, Pitt was the reasoning for the turn of the war in the British favor, earning him the title of the name. 1759, the invasion in Canada was sent under way. â€Å"Lake Champlain† was claimed by the British clearing another path to Canada for the British. Summer, 1759 James Wolfe led a large fleet up the St. Lawrence River, targeting Quebec. Wolfe and his men set up fort across the river from Quebec, planning out a way to carry out their attack. Months pass, several attempts on Quebec’s steep land fails. Wolfe catches word of a secret trail that became ideal for the attack. September, the night attack by Wolfe and his men , sent under way led to the surrender of the French in Quebec. The French retreated to Montreal, although on both sides both generals lost their lives, Wolfe and Montcalm the British proudly marched in to Quebec on September 18th the year 1759. This battle was one of the last chances for the French to have any control over North America. The wars continued but never again did the French see another victory. Great Britain had taken over and their forces seemed to be too overwhelming for the French. The war around the war continued and still led to the French and their allies failing. 763 came around and both the British and the French decided it was time for a Truce. The treaty called â€Å"The peace of Paris† was drawn up and signed. The terms, The French gave up Canada, India and the Florida territories. The British now had control of most of North America. Although it felt like peace had been made at last even though Great Britain’s powerful force took over most of North America, this war had and impact that would not be avoided not only for the colonists but for the Native Americans as well. Great Britain now controlled vast’s amounts of land and more land meant more soldiers to protect this land. This became costly, the new government then imposed new taxes for the colonists. As imagined, the colonists grew unhappy with this decision. They felt the victory had to do with them as well and their new found freedom should be enjoyed, this was not the case. This will soon cause even more conflict in the future. The Native Americans, felt the impact in the worst way. After British victory more and more settlers moved to North America taking control of even more land, creating their tobacco crops and scaring away the wildlife the Natives become accustomed to hunt. The Native American not only were being pushed out of their land but could not continue their way of life they lived for centuries. This became a problem and caused war amongst the natives and the British. 1763, a proclamation was created, making the first reservation between the Appalachian and the Mississippi River for the natives. This was an attempt at peace, trying to avoid war with the natives. War is costly and Great Britain trying to maintain their vast majority of land had too many cost to deal with as it was. This law was to protect the land from the settlers. This treaty did little or nothing for the Natives as the settlers still continued to move west forcing the natives from their land. The taxes and the proclamation caused even more anger amongst the colonists, they began a disagreement with the British rule. The relationship between Great Britain and The American colonies would soon fall apart leading to none only than â€Å"The American Revolution. † A new war at hand. Bibliography: Santella, Andrew, â€Å"We the people, The French and Indian war,† (Compass Points Books, 2004) , 4-48 Anderson, Fred, â€Å"Crucible of war,† (A Division Of Random House, New York), 479 Vaugeois, Dennis â€Å"The last of the French and Indian War,† Montreal, (Mcgillqueens University Press, 2002) 1-100 How to cite 7 Year War, Essay examples

Event Management Supply Chain Concepts

Question: 1. Identify the principles of management and organisational structure in relation to size and purpose 2. Explain the nature of management culture and how this may vary from one company to another as well as the impact it has on corporate success 3. Identify the relationship between business planning and operations and the problems of ensuring consistency 4. Illustrate the importance of effective communication between managers with different responsibilities. Clearly summarised key theories and principles; includes main factual material; only includes relevant material; content is supported with some evidence of relevant research from key texts, articles and web sites, as well as examples of management practice. Well-structured report with appropriate use of headings, sub-headings and paragraphs; good visual presentation including line spacing, font size and margins; good spelling, grammar and punctuation; correct use of Harvard referencing Basic evaluation of material and concepts; clearly developed arguments; arguments supported with examples, quotation, references; effective introduction and conclusion. Answer: a) The aims of Tesco are provided below: Expand the business in the UK To be the outstanding international retailer in stores and online platform To be the strong in every department of the business To grow the retail services to the larger area of market Enhance the brand value in the domestic and the international al market To build better team for improving performance of the organization The prime focus of Tesco is to increase the number of retailers in the UK market as well in others international market (Bendul 2014). Tesco has successfully expanded their business in the domestic market and they have been trying hard to enhance their brand value in the international supermarket chain. Four functions of the management can facilitate the organization to achieve the desired goals or objective. Four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading and controlling (Cadle et al., 2014). Four functions of the management Planning is the process of setting objectives for achieving success in the market. The store manager of Tesco must include several process of planning such as strategic planning, tactical planning and the operational planning. In the strategic planning, the store managers must analyze the competitive opportunities and threats, strengths and weakness of the situation (Chen, Preston and Tarafdar 2015). On the other hand, the tactical planning suggests the solution to get rid of the difficult situation of the business. Operational planning provides short range planning to develop specific actions. The organizing functions of management facilitate the store managers to develop the organizational structure. The store managers can enhance the teamwork at the workplace. Leading is another process to enhance the workability in the organization (Emeka 2012). If the store managers can lead the team effectively, the outcome of the business will be more improved. The process of controlling includes three basic steps such as establishment of the performance, comparing the genuine recital against standards and taking proper action when needed. Therefore, the store managers of TESCO can achieve the desired goal of the organization through applying four functions of the management. b) Tesco follows the divisional organizational structure. The figure of the structure is provided below: Figure 1: Organizational Structure of Tesco (Source: Foscarini 2012) Tescos organizational structure shows the chain of authority in the organization. The chain starts from the owners to most junior employees. The organizational structure of Tesco suggests the way where a business can complete its activity. It provides the actual line of communication inside the organization. In this chart, the prime stakeholders are the board of directors of the company who regulate the role of chief executives. Dave Lewis, the Ceo of Tesco controls the all activities of the organization (Khakhar and Rammal 2013). Under the chief executive, four departments have been working for Tesco such as marketing manager, human resource managers, sales mangers and finance managers. The core responsibility of the business lies within these departments of the organization. The core objective of the organization is to provide better facilities to their employees so that the business can grow in the large demographic area. Tesco follows the divisional organizational structure to ac complish the entire work in a systematic process. The prime advantage of this divisional organizational structure is the development of the divisional heads (Kummerow and Kirby 2014). The head of the each division can enhance their workability through different learning and training sessions. The divisional results can be addresses in this organizational structure. Each division of Tesco is independent and they can make their own decisions for enhancing the business in the domestic and the international market. The higher management of the organization maintains the healthy relationship with all employees and staffs. It facilitates them to understand the internal issues and hence, business process remains transparent (Monsenego 2012). However, divisional structure of Tesco creates negative impact on the business. Sometimes, the conflicts among the divisional heads can be observed in the organization. Each division wants to perform better than other does and it creates selfish attitude among the business heads. a) An internal analysis is one of the important factors of organizations competency, cost position and the viability in the market (Obeidat 2012). The organization like Tesco always analysis their internal factors for the betterment of the business. Through the engagement of the internal analysis of the organization, Tesco can improve six steps of strategic management process. Tesco is a giant supermarket chain in the UK and it expands its market in the international places. Internal analysis of the organizational workflow makes them to establish the vision, mission and goals of the company. By analyzing the opportunities and threats, Tesco improves their business process in the market (Panarina 2015). It provides them better potion in the market. The internal strength and weakness of the organization provides them an overview about the area of improvement. Their biggest strength is their brand value that they have built in the domestic market through providing flawless services to t he customers in the market. it includes the audit of each department of Tesco. It can be accomplished by the performance review of the employees. The next internal analysis involves the evaluation of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (SWOT) of the organization. The organization can evaluate the actual issues by analyzing these factors. Proper implementation of strategy can facilitate Tesco to work effectively in the market (Piercy 2014). Tesco follow s several strategies during the difficult situation in the market. The strategy can be corporate strategy, business strategy, differentiation strategy, pricing strategy and the functional strategy. Tesco follows a timetable agenda to track the progress of the implemented plan in the business. After the implementation of the strategy, Tesco involves them in strategic follow-up process to ensure that the implemented strategy is working properly or not (Wrigley and Straker 2016). Therefore, the internal analysis of Tesco facilitat es them in accomplishing the six strategic management processes in the business. b) Creating structure for unstructured time: Tesco always believe that the innovation needs time to develop in the business. However, the period is short for the organization. Tesco can give up the control when the pressure in greatest. Large organizations provide extra time to the employees to experiment new ideas for the development of the business (Yin 2014). Many companies provide the unstructured time as reward to their employees. Tesco can provide extra time to their staffs for the betterment of their performance at the workplace. Collaborate: Now days, many organization collaborate with others in order to expand in the market. However, Tesco is a supermarket giant in the domestic market. They can collaborate with other organization to expand business in the international market. The prime objective of the organization is to enhance the brand value in the international market (Wrigley and Straker 2016). Therefore, the collaboration with the foreign investors can facilitate them in achieving their goals. Tesco can develop their business position in the market by collaborating with other popular brand of the supermarket industry. Open communication: The communication is the most important factors of getting success in the business. The managers and higher authority of the organization can develop the productivity through communicating with the employees. Open communication channel can facilitate the organization to collect several ideas and feedback about the business (Piercy 2014). Moreover, the higher management of Tesco can aware of the issues of employees and others stakeholders of the business. Through the engagement of the open communication system, Tesco can be able to maintain transparency in the process. c) Effective business communication has several benefits. Some of the key benefits are described below: Financial savings: Depending on the needs and size of the business, the organization should recruit their employees. Sometimes, educating the employees on particular subjects may be a costly venture. Therefore, the skilled performers can facilitate the organization to increase their productivity. Proper verbal and written communication can enhance the performance of the individual at the workplace (Obeidat 2012). Through the engagement of this process, the employee can devote more time in the productivity of the business. Expand business appeal: The business world has been expanding in the international market. If the organization wants to take advantages of the increasing market, they need to widen their market. The effective communication of the employees and the managers can analyze the current market status. Tesco always believe that the good communication increases companys capacity to expand in the large demographic area (Monsenego 2012). Increased productivity: The healthy communication between managers and the employees is always responsible for good productivity. Proper communication process reduces the confusion among employees. Therefore, the workers can provide more time in enhancing the productivity of the business. Employees also make fewer mistakes when the effective communication is implemented at the workplace (Bendul 2014). Implementation of Innovative strategy When the business faces difficulties, they need to implement innovative strategy to overcome for the situation. Through the process of effective communication, the managers can collect the ideas and feedback about the process. It facilitates them to evaluate new strategy for the business development. Open communication system in the business is very important to remain the transparency in the process. If the higher management of the organization ignores the feedbacks and ideas of employees and other secondary stakeholders, they may not be able to explore the innovative strategy for the enhancement of business in the market (Wrigley and Straker 2016). References Bendul, J., 2014. Integration of combined transport into supply chain concepts. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Cadle, J., Eva, M., Hindle, K., Paul, D., Rollason, C., Turner, P., Yeates, D. and Cadle, J., 2014. Business Analysis. Swindon: BCS Learning Development Limited. Chen, D., Preston, D. and Tarafdar, M., 2015. From Innovative I.S. Strategy to Customer Value. SIGMIS Database, 46(2), pp.8-29. Emeka E. Okafor, 2012. Emerging nonstandard employment relations and implications for human resource management functions in Nigeria. Afr. J. Bus. Manage., 6(26). Foscarini, F., 2012. Understanding functions: an organizational culture perspective. Records Management Journal, 22(1), pp.20-36. Khakhar, P. and Rammal, H., 2013. Culture and business networks: International business negotiations with Arab managers. International Business Review, 22(3), pp.578-590. Kummerow, E. and Kirby, N., 2014. Organisational culture. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co. Monsenego, J., 2012. Taxation of foreign business income within the European internal market. Amsterdam: IBFD. Obeidat, B., 2012. The Relationship between Human Resource Information System (HRIS) Functions and Human Resource Management (HRM) Functionalities. jmr, 4(4). Panarina, E., 2015. University-industry Partnership as a Key Strategy for Innovative Sustainable Economic Growth. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 1(1), pp.25-28. Piercy, N., 2014. Marketing Budgeting (RLE Marketing). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Wrigley, C. and Straker, K., 2016. Designing innovative business models with a framework that promotes experimentation. Strategy Leadership, 44(1), pp.11-19. Yin, X., 2014. Externalities, Productivity and Sustained Growth. Review of Development Economics, 18(3), pp.543-563.